The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, or better known as Myanmar alone, is a sovereign country located in Southeast Asia. Myanmar has a flag consisting of three horizontal stripes of colors, namely yellow, green and red, with a white five-pointed star in the middle. What does it mean?
To note, the Myanmar flag with a combination of yellow, green and red is actually not the only flag that the country has. This flag was adopted on October 21, 2010 to replace the old flag used since 1974. This flag was introduced at the same time as the implementation of the change in the country's name, which was contained in the 2008 Constitution.
The three horizontal stripes on the new Myanmar flag, namely yellow, green and red, each symbolize solidarity, peace and tranquility, as well as courage and firmness. While the white star symbol means the unity of the Myanmar people.
History records, since its emergence until now, Myanmar has changed the country's flag at least seven times. Here are the details:
A. Flag of the Burmese Empire under the Konbaung Dynasty (1700-1885)
B. Flag of British Burma as a colony of British India (1824-1939)
C. Flag of British Burma, as a separate colony (1939-1943, 1945-1948)
D. Flag of the State of Burma (1943–1945)
E. Flag of the Union of Myanmar (1948-1974)
The flag adopted after independence from Britain on 4 January 1948 consists of a red field with a blue canton. The blue Canton is filled with one large white star, representing unity, surrounded by five smaller stars representing the main ethnic groups found in the newly independent state.
This flag remained in use until January 1974 and had a ratio of 5:9.
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F. Flags of the Union Socialist Republic of Burma (1974-1988) and the Union of Myanmar (1988-2010)
This flag was adopted on January 3, 1974, after Ne Win's declaration of a socialist republic. This flag has the same ratios as the previous flag and depicts 14 stars, encircling a cogwheel and rice plants in a canton of blue with a red field.
Rice represents farmers, equipment represents workers, and the 14 stars represent each of the 14 member states of the Union.
G. Flag of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2010-present)
The new flag design was first proposed on 10 November 2006 during a constitutional convention. At that time the flag in question consisted of three horizontal stripes of green, yellow and red of equal size, with a white star at the end of the green stripe hoist.
In September 2007, another new design was proposed, this time with a larger white star in the center and with stripes in a different order, namely yellow, green, red.
The flag proposed in September 2007 was included in the new constitution, and was accepted by a 2008 referendum. This flag was officially adopted on October 21, 2010, it remains today.
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Overview of Myanmar
Formerly known as Burma, the change of name to Myanmar itself was officially carried out by the military junta government on June 18, 1989. The military junta changed the name of Burma to Myanmar so that non-Burmese ethnicities felt they were part of the country.
Even so, this name change was not fully adopted by the international community. Many opposition groups and the state continued to use the name "Burma" because they did not recognize the legitimacy of the military government that was in power at that time.
In April 2016, shortly after taking office, Aung San Suu Kyi clarified that foreigners can freely use both names, "because nothing in our constitution says that you have to use one or the other".
The name Burma is still used by several countries, such as Canada and the United Kingdom. While the United States, although officially uses Burma, the State Department website writes "Burma (Myanmar)" and Barack Obama has called this country by both names.
The Government of the Czech Republic, on the other hand, officially uses Myanmar, although their Ministry of Foreign Affairs mentions both on their website. Similar designations are used by the United Nations and several other countries, including countries in Southeast Asia, Australia, Russia, Germany, China, India, Bangladesh, Norway, Japan and Switzerland.
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